Boojums and the Shapes of Domains in Monolayer Films

Domains in Langmuir monolayers support a texture that is the two-dimensional version of the feature known as a boojum. Such a texture has a quantifiable effect on the shape of the domain with which it is associated. The most noticeable consequence is a cusp-like feature on the domain boundary. We report the results of an experimental and theoretical investigation of the shape of a domain in a Langmuir monolayer. A further aspect of the investigation is the study of the shape of a ``bubble'' of gas-like phase in such a monolayer. This structure supports a texture having the form of an inverse boojum. The distortion of a bubble resulting from this texture is also studied. The correspondence between theory and experiment, while not perfect, indicates that a qualitative understanding of the relationship between textures and domain shapes has been achieved.Comment: replaced with published version, 10 pages, 13 figures include

Prisutnost vrsta roda Legionella u vodoopskrbnom sustavu u objektima koji su stalno otvoreni i objektima sezonskog tipa

The purpose of this study was to compare the quality of hot water between eleven hotels in the Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia that are open year round and 10 summer season hotels and retirement homes with irregular use of water. We took 122 samples between May and December 2009. Water temperature and free residual chlorine were measured in situ. Physical and chemical analysis included pH, electrical conductivity, and concentrations of iron, manganese, copper, zinc, calcium, and magnesium that were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, while the Legionella species were determined using a cultivation method on buffered charcoal yeast extract agar. Differences in metal concentrations between the seasonal and year-round accommodation facilities were negligible, save for zinc that was higher in year-round (0.341 mg L-1) than in seasonal facilities (0.130 mg L-1). Samples from all year-round and six summer season hotels were negative to the Legionella species, but four seasonal facilities turned up with positive samples to Legionella pneumophila. Our study has demonstrated that water quality differs between year-round and seasonal accommodation facilities. These findings suggest that metal plumbing components and associated corrosion products are important factors in the survival and growth of Legionella species in water distribution systems.Svrha ovog istraživanja bila je procijeniti kakvoću tople vode s pomoću određenih fi zikalnih, kemijskih i mikrobioloških parametara, analizirajući uzorke vode na prisutnost vrsta roda Legionella, u ustanovama koje su otvorene tijekom cijele godine i onih koje su otvorene samo tijekom ljetnih mjeseci u Splitskodalmatinskoj županiji, Hrvatska. U istraživanju su određene koncentracije željeza, mangana, bakra, cinka, kalcija i magnezija u toploj vodi u 122 uzorka iz 21 ustanove u razdoblju od svibnja 2009. do prosinca 2009. Deset ustanova bilo je otvoreno tijekom ljetnih mjeseci, dok je 11 ostalo otvoreno tijekom godine. Temperatura i slobodni rezidualni klor mjereni su in situ prijenosnim digitalnim termometrom i prijenosnim digitalnim aparatom za mjerenje slobodnoga rezidualnog klora. Koncentracije željeza, mangana, bakra, cinka, kalcija i magnezija određene su metodom atomske apsorpcijske spektrofotometrije. Legionele su određivane u istim uzorcima metodom kultivacije na BCYE-agaru 72 h pri 36 °C. Nalaz vrste Legionella pneumophila bio je negativan u 11 ustanova koje rade kroz cijelu godinu i u šest ustanova koje su otvorene sezonski. Rezultati su bili pozitivni u 4 ustanove koje su otvorene sezonski. U ustanovama koje su otvorene tijekom cijele godine određene su koncentracije u vodi: željeza 0,039 mg L-1, magnezija 0,791 mg L-1, kalcija 52,94 mg L-1, cinka 0,341 mg L-1, bakra 0,012 mg L-1 te mangana 5,08 μg L-1. U ustanovama otvorenim sezonski također su u vodiodređene koncentracije: željeza 0,052 mg L-1, magnezija 0,867 mg L-1, kalcija 54,87 mg L-1, cinka 0,130 mg L-1, bakra 0,008 mg L-1 i mangana 5,64 μg L-1. Samo je koncentracija cinka bila povišena u hotelima koji su radili tijekom cijele godine. Naše je istraživanje pokazalo da se kvaliteta vode razlikuje u vodovodnim sustavima koji se trajno rabe u odnosu prema sustavima sezonskog tipa. Ovo saznanje ima veliko značenje za kontrolu kakvoće vode u turističkim područjima

The methodology of the use of data base of the Multilingual Interdisciplinary Dictionary and Glossary of Terms for Geoinformatics of The Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences

Szybki rozwój techniki komputerowej ukierunkowanej na gromadzenie, przetwarzanie i rozpowszechnianie geoinformacji (geoinformatyki), mającej zastosowanie w wielu dyscyplinach nauki i techniki, wiąże się z koniecznością pilnego ujednolicenia terminologii naukowej - terminologicznego słownika i leksykonu. Utworzony w formule otwartej program do tworzenia Słownika zakłada użycie internetu do ciągłej aktualizacji zawartości bazy danych. W ten sposób Słownik jest dostępny dla użytkowników, nawet w trakcie pracy redakcyjnej, która nie jest jeszcze ukończona. Otwarta formuła zakłada także uczestniczenie wolontariuszy w pracach edycyjnych poprzez dyskusję nad istniejącymi hasłami i definicjami, jak też poprzez proponowanie swojego wkładu do uzupełnienia zawartości Słownika. Tworzenie Słownika jest zainicjowane i organizowane przez Komisję Geoinformatyki Polskiej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie. Program Słownika powstał i jest zainstalowany na specjalnym serwerze w Zakładzie Fotogrametrii i Informatyki Teledetekcyjnej Wydziału Geodezji Górniczej i Inżynierii Środowiska AGH. Program w wersji eksperymentalnej jest gotowy do użycia i udostępniony w internecie.The fast development of computer science oriented on capturing, processing and distribution of geoinformation (geoinformatics), which has applications in many technical and natural disciplines of science and technique, calls for urgent unification of professional terminology - for terminological dictionary. The presented open formulae computer program for creation of dictionary assumes the use of internet to continuously present the content of the dictionary database. That way the dictionary is available for users, even during the editorial activity, when it is not completed yet. The open formulae assumes also participation of volunteers in the editorial work via discussion over the existing entries and definitions, as well as via proposing their contributions to the dictionary contents. The project was initialized and is organized by the Geoinformatics Commission of The Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences in Krakow. The dictionary program was prepared by, and dictionary data base is installed on the server of the Department of Photogrammetry and remote sensing informatics. The experimental of pertaining computer program is ready for use in the internet

Development of the PAU dictionary for geoinformatics

W artykule podsumowano pięć lat pracy nad Wielojęzycznym Interdyscyplinarnym Terminologicznym Słownikiem i Leksykonem Geoinformatycznym Komisji Geoinformatyki Polskiej Akademii Umiejętności. Prace te zaowocowały poszerzeniem bazy słownikowej o około 500 nowych haseł z zakresu fotogrametrii, teledetekcji, systemów informacji przestrzennej i kartografii. W artykule, obok istniejących już wcześniej funkcji (takich jak np. wprowadzanie pojedynczych haseł), przedstawiono również nowe możliwości Słownika, tj. automatyczny import danych. Pozwala to na wprowadzanie wielu przygotowanych uprzednio haseł. Aktualnie internetowy Słownik zapewnia łatwość obsługi, dzięki czemu spodziewany jest jego szybki rozwój. Prace zostały zainicjowane w PAU i prowadzone są pod auspicjami Komisji Geoinformatyki PAU. Obejmują inwentaryzację słownictwa geoinformatycznego, która jest wspierana przez szereg ośrodków naukowych w Polsce, z bardzo dużym zaangażowaniem specjalistów z Zakładu Fotogrametrii i Informatyki Teledetekcyjnej AGH w Krakowie, co pozwoli nie tylko na uporządkowanie terminologii, ale też na prześledzenie trendów słowotwórczych, jakie istnieją w różnych dyscyplinach nauki i techniki związanych z geoinformatyką.The paper summarizes five years of activities concerning the construction of Multilangual Interdisciplinary Terminological Dictionary and Lexicon for Geoinformatics of Polish Academy of Science and Arts. In the frames of this activities some 500 entries concerning photogrammetry and remote sensing, spatial information systems, and cartography, were produced. The dictionary editorial software got also some new functions. Beside the earlier existing functions, the new ones, such as function for the mass editorial data import, are described. Actually, the Dictionary provides very easy way of editing of new terms, and also very user friendly way of searching for a needed term. All works concerning the dictionary were initiated and are executed under auspices of the Geoinformatics Commission of The Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences. That activities cover the inventory of the terminology concerning geoinformatics, and are executed with participation of many scientific centers in Poland, with the leading activity of specialists of the AGH Department of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Informatics. Such wide participation of various specialists allows not only for deep trace of the word formation trends, which exist separately in various disciplines of science and technology, which use geoinformatics, but also some terminological unification can be expected with the passing time of the editorial cooperation

The structure of the data base for Multilingual, Interdisciplinary Dictionary and Glossary of Terms for Geoinformatics of the Polish Academy of Science and Arts

W roku 1998 w Krakowie powstała Komisja Geoinformatyki Polskiej Akademii Umiejętności, w skład której wchodzą specjaliści z wielu dyscyplin wiedzy, takich jak geologia, geofizyka, inżynieria i ochrona środowiska, górnictwo, geodezja, geografia, kartografia, GIS i oczywiście fotogrametria i teledetekcja oraz informatyka. Już na początku prac Komisji zwrócono uwagę na niejednoznaczność stosowanej terminologii. Uznano, że należy podjąć systematyczne badania porównawcze poprzedzone inwentaryzacją słownictwa geoinformatycznego stosowanego w różnych dziedzinach. Tak powstała idea opracowania słownika, który umożliwi przeprowadzenie analizy porównawczej i ujednolicenie terminologii. Pracami kierują zespoły tematyczne, które pracując niezależnie, lecz z wzajemnym kontaktem, budują produkt końcowy: Wielojęzyczny, Interdyscyplinarny Terminologiczny Słownik i Leksykon Geoinformatyczny Komisji Geoinformatyki PAU. Słownik będzie powstawał w formule otwartej, z użyciem Internetu. Wszystkie etapy prac będą publicznie dostępne na stronach www. Do procesu tworzenia Słownika będą dopuszczeni również wolontariusze, którzy, we współpracy z odpowiedzialnymi redaktorami będą pomagać w budowaniu bazy Słownika. Program do edycji internetowej Słownika, w wersji eksperymentalnej, jest już udostępniony w sieci. Mamy nadzieję, że nasza słownikowa baza danych szybko zostanie wypełniona nowymi terminami i definicjami wielu pojęć używanych w geoinformatyceCommission for Geoinformatics of the Polish Academy of Science and Arts (KG PAU) in Kraków, has been formed in 1998. That commission gathers scientists of many disciplines, such as geology, geophysics, environmental engineering and protection, mining, surveying and geodesy, geography, cartography, GIS, and, of course, photogrammetry and remote sensing and computer sciences (informatics). AU that specialists, devoting their special interest to geoinformatics, found out, just at the very beginning of their cooperation, that they do not speak the same technical and scientific language concerning geoinformatics. Finally that was decided to work out a dictionary, which could help people of geoinformatics from various disciplines to use the identical vocabulary. The work is split to thematic teams, which, working independently, but in a contact with each other, build a final product: The Multilingual, Interdisciplinary Terminological Dictionary for Geoinformatics, a very important project of the KG PAU. The Dictionary will be build up in the open formulae, using internet. AU the work stages will be public, available on the www pages. To the editorial process will be admitted also volunteers, who, under care and in cooperation with the responsible editors will help to build the dictionary data base. The internet program for editing the Dictionary, in an experimental version, is available for use. We hope to have our dictionary data base soon filled with new entries, definitions, and longer descriptions of many terms used in geoinformatic

Partial discharges in selected model insulating systems and numerical analysis of field conditions for their inception

Wyładowania niezupełne (wnz) powstające w układach izolacyjnych urządzeń wysokonapięciowych mogą przybierać różne formy, zależne od właściwości fizykochemicznych zastosowanych materiałów dielektrycznych, wzajemnej konfiguracji geometrycznej izolacji i układu elektrod oraz rodzaju i geometrii defektu. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki rejestracji i analiz zbiorów impulsów wyładowań niezupełnych powstających w trzech różnych, modelowych układach izolacyjnych (wyładowania ulotowe, wyładowania w zamkniętej inkluzji gazowej zlokalizowanej wewnątrz układu izolacyjnego oraz wyładowania powierzchniowe, powstające w obecności punktu potrójnego metalgazdielektryk). Analiza wyładowań dotyczyła specyficznych cech ich obrazów fazowo-rozdzielczych D(, q, n). Biorąc pod uwagę fakt, że pole elektryczne jest podstawową przyczyną powstawania wyładowań niezupełnych w wysokonapięciowych układach izolacyjnych zaprezentowano różnice w rozkładach natężenia pola elektrycznego w badanych układach modelowych.Partial discharges (PD) occurring in insulation systems of high-voltage equipment can take various forms, depending on: the physicochemical properties of used dielectric materials; the geometric configuration of the insulating system and the electrode arrangement; and also the type and geometry of the defect. The paper presents the results of registration and analysis of partial discharge pulses sets generated in three different models of insulating systems (corona discharges; discharge in closed gas inclusions located inside the insulating system, and surface discharge formed in the presence of triple point metal-solid dielectric-gas). The analysis of the discharges concerned the specific features of their phase-resolved patterns D(, q, n). The differences in distribution of electric field intensity in the studied insulating systems were also presented, due to the fact that this is the primary cause of partial discharges in high-voltage insulating systems

Occurrence of neurotic and anxiety disorders in rural schoolchildren and the role of physical exercise as a method to support their treatment

Introduction: School anxiety has become a common problem in children and adolescents. Despite numerous studies, it is difficult to definitely identify the cause of neurotic disorders in school-age children. The objective of the presented study was to assess the prevalence of neurotic disorders in rural schoolchildren and the role of physical activity as a method to support their treatment. Material and methods: The study consisted of 123 girls and 117 boys living in rural areas of Wielkopolska. A questionnaire was provided evaluating family status, family relationships, school situation, somatic symptoms related to being at school, and the frequency of physical activity. Results: It was found that over the 50% of children considered the relations with siblings as correct, but also acknowledged that there were a conflict situations in their relationship. Nearly 25% of children indicated an emotional irrelevance with their parents. About 20% of the young people did not like going to school or were afraid to stay there. Over the 50% of children declared somato-emotional problems associated with the being at school. The symptoms of neurotic disorders were more strongly expressed and more common in girls. Analysis of physical activity indicated that only a small group of young people practiced sport regularly, and an even smaller percentage of children exercised with their parents and/or peers. Conclusions: The development of somatic and emotional disturbances in children may be associated with irregular family and school relationships and low physical activity. It was found that gender had a significant influence on most of the studied parameters

The assessment of selected factors influencing intent to get pregnant in the Greater Poland Region

introduction and objective. Nowadays, people decide to have a baby by first analysing their financial situation. Tradition is no longer a factor which determines the decision whether or not to have a baby. A prognosis of the Polish Central Statistical Office (GUS) shows that the population of Poland will fall from 38 to 36 million by 2035. The aim of this study is to assess the procreation behaviour of women in Greater Poland Region. materials and methods. For the research purpose, 3,120 women of reproductive age were examined by using an author designed questionnaire and a synthetic Family Financial Standard Index. results: 74.6% of the respondents lived in an urban area, 25.4% of women come from a rural area. 49% of examined women did not want to have a bigger family, 45% would like to have another child. Analysis of the reasons why women did not want to have another baby revealed that predominance of the financial factor – 67%, living conditions – 18.4% and health– 13.2%. Only 11.9% of the women declared their high financial status, 4.8% of families received family allowance from the government; 88.4% of the examined families did not receive any social benefits. Bad housing situation was declared by 5% of the respondents, 26.7% of the interviewees lived with family members, i.e. parents or grandparents. Analysis of the data concerning religious bonds showed that 67.6% of women declared their indifference to religion. conclusions. The economic factor was an important reason limiting procreation. The bad situation on the real estate market combined with an insufficient range of social welfare led to a decrease in the birth-rate in the Greater Poland region. The impact of religion on family planning was less important. The influence of the analysed socio-economic factors on family planning was similar in rural and urban areas